↑Dado que ningunha transformación linear ten efecto sobre o vector nulo, este non se considera un vector propio.
↑Gorczyca, TW: "Auger Decay of the Photoexcited Inner Shell Rydberg Series in Neon, Chlorine, and Argon". Abstracts of the 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes, Chicago, agosto 23-27 (1999).