China

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People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
Flag National Emblem
Anthem:  "March of the Volunteers" 义勇军进行曲
Area controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
Capital	Beijing[a]
Largest city	Shanghai[1]
Official languages	Standard Chinese[2][b]
Recognised regional languages	Mongolian Tibetan Uyghur Korean various others
Official written language	Vernacular Chinese
Official script	Simplified Chinese[2]
Ethnic groups	91.51% Han[3] 55 minorities[c] 1.30% Zhuang 0.86% Manchu 0.79% Uyghur 0.79% Hui 0.72% Miao 0.65% Yi 0.62% Tujia 0.47% Mongol 0.44% Tibetan 0.26% Buyei 0.15% Korean 1.05% others
Demonym	Chinese
Government	Socialist, Single-party state[4]
• Party General Secretary and President	Xi Jinping[d]
• Premier	Li Keqiang
• Congress Chairman	Zhang Dejiang
• Conference Chairman	Yu Zhengsheng
• First-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat	Liu Yunshan
• Secretary of Discipline Inspection Commission	Wang Qishan
• First Vice Premier	Zhang Gaoli
Legislature	National People's Congress
Formation
• First Unification of China under the Qin Dynasty	221 BCE
• Republic established	1 January 1912
• People's Republic proclaimed	1 October 1949
Area
• Total	9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi)[e] (3rd/4th)
• Water (%)	0.28%[f]
Population
• 2015 estimate	1,376,049,000[9] (1st)
• 2010 census	1,339,724,852[10] (1st)
• Density	[convert: invalid number] (83rd)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$23.159 trillion[12] (1st)
• Per capita	$16,660[12] (83rd)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$12.015 trillion (IMF)[12] $12.84 trillion (China NBS)[13][14] (2nd)
• Per capita	$8,643[12] (74th)
Gini (2012)	55.0[15][16] high
HDI (2013)	0.719[17] high · 91st
Currency	Renminbi (yuan)(¥)[g] (CNY)
Time zone	China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE-1949)
Drives on the	right[h]
Calling code	+86
ISO 3166 code	CN
Internet TLD	.cn .中國 .中国

China (simplified Chinese: 中国; traditional Chinese: 中國; Pinyin: Zhōngguó) is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and a nation in East Asia.

The last Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) resulted in two different political powers today, even though both governments agree they are one nation:

• The Republic of China (ROC) (since 1912), commonly known as China since 1 Jan.,1912 to 25 Oct.,1971. Now commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu.

• The People's Republic of China (PRC) (since 1949), commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999).

China has one of the world's oldest civilizations and has the oldest continuous civilization.^[18] It has archaeological evidence over 5,000 years old.^[19] It also has one of the world's oldest writing systems (and the oldest in use today), and is viewed as the source of many major inventions.^[19]

• origins
• history
• culture
• notes
• footnotes
• references
• other websites

Origins

The first recorded use of the word "China" is dated 1555.^{[nb 1][20]} It is derived from chīnī, a Persian adjective meaning 'Chinese' which was popularized in Europe by Marco Polo.^[20][21]

Other Languages

Alemannisch: China

አማርኛ: ቻይና

Ænglisc: Cīna

العربية: الصين (منطقة)

ܐܪܡܝܐ: ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ)

arpetan: Ch·ina

Aymar aru: China

Bahasa Banjar: Ripublik Rakyat Tiungkuk

Bân-lâm-gú: Tiong-kok

བོད་ཡིག: རྒྱ་ནག

brezhoneg: Sina

català: Xina

čeština: Čína

Cymraeg: Tsieina

Deitsch: Tscheine

Deutsch: China

Diné bizaad: Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah

ཇོང་ཁ: རྒྱ་ནག

español: China (región)

Esperanto: Ĉinio

euskara: Txinaren izenak

français: Monde chinois

Gaeilge: An tSín

Gaelg: Yn Çheen

Gàidhlig: Sìona (roinn chultarach)

galego: China (rexión)

贛語: 中國

گیلکی: چین

客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî: Chûng-koet

한국어: 중국

हिन्दी: चीन

Bahasa Indonesia: Tiongkok (istilah)

íslenska: Kína

עברית: סין (אזור)

Basa Jawa: Cina

ಕನ್ನಡ: ಚೀನಾ

kernowek: China

Latina: Sinae (regio)

latviešu: Ķīna (reģions)

lietuvių: Kinija (regionas)

മലയാളം: ചൈനീസ് സംസ്കാരം

Bahasa Melayu: China

Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄: Dṳ̆ng-guók

Nederlands: China

日本語: 中国

norsk: Kina

norsk nynorsk: Kina

Nouormand: Chinne

पालि: चीन

Patois: Chaina

Picard: Kine

Tok Pisin: Saina (kainkain mining)

polski: Chiny

português: China (civilização)

română: China

Runa Simi: Chunwa

русиньскый: Китай

русский: Китайская цивилизация

संस्कृतम्: चीन

Scots: Cheenae (region)

slovenčina: Čína (civilizácia)

slovenščina: Kitajska

کوردی: چین (ھەرێم)

српски / srpski: Кина (регион)

Basa Sunda: Tiongkok (istilah)

svenska: Kina (region)

தமிழ்: சீனா (பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்துதல்)

ತುಳು: ಚೀನಾ

Türkçe: Çin (bölge)

українська: Китай

ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche: خىتاي

Tiếng Việt: Trung Quốc (khu vực)

Võro: Hiina

walon: Chine

文言: 中國

Winaray: Tsina

吴语: 中國

Yorùbá: Ṣáínà

粵語: 中國

中文: 中國

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