China

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China; 中华人民共和国; Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó;
	Flag National Emblem
	Anthem: "March of the Volunteers"; 义勇军进行曲;
	Area controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
Capital	Beijing; 39°55′N 116°23′E / 39°55′N 116°23′E / 39.917; 116.383
Largest city	Shanghai
Official languages	Standard Chinese
Recognised regional languages	Mongolian; Tibetan; Uyghur; Korean; various others;
Official written language	Vernacular Chinese
Official script	Simplified Chinese
Ethnic groups	91.51% Han; 55 minorities 1.30% Zhuang ; 0.86% Manchu ; 0.79% Uyghur ; 0.79% Hui ; 0.72% Miao ; 0.65% Yi ; 0.62% Tujia ; 0.47% Mongol ; 0.44% Tibetan ; 0.26% Buyei ; 0.15% Korean ; 1.05% others ; ;
Demonym(s)	Chinese
Government	Socialist, Single-party state
• Party General Secretary and President	Xi Jinping
• Premier	Li Keqiang
• Congress Chairman	Zhang Dejiang
• Conference Chairman	Yu Zhengsheng
• First-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat	Liu Yunshan
• Secretary of Discipline Inspection Commission	Wang Qishan
• First Vice Premier	Zhang Gaoli
Legislature	National People's Congress
Formation
• First Unification of China under the Qin Dynasty	221 BCE
• Republic established	1 January 1912
• People's Republic proclaimed	1 October 1949
Area
• Total	9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi) (3rd/4th)
• Water (%)	0.28%
Population
• 2016 estimate	1,403,500,365 (1st)
• 2010 census	1,339,724,852 (1st)
• Density	[convert: invalid number] (83rd)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$27.449 trillion (1st)
• Per capita	$19,559 (79rd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$15.543 trillion (IMF); $15.224 trillion (China NBS) (2nd)
• Per capita	$11,074 (70th)
Gini (2015)	46.2; high
HDI (2017)	0.752; high · 86st
Currency	Renminbi (yuan)(¥) (CNY)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd; or yyyy年m月d日; (CE; CE-1949);
Driving side	right
Calling code	+86
ISO 3166 code	CN
Internet TLD	.cn; .中國; .中国;

China (simplified Chinese: 中国; traditional Chinese: 中國; Pinyin: Zhōngguó) is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and a nation in East Asia.

The last Chinese Civil War (1927–1949) resulted in two different political powers today:

The Republic of China (ROC) (since 1912), commonly known as China since 1 Jan.,1912 to 25 Oct.,1971. Now commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) (since 1949), commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999).

China is one of the world's oldest civilizations: it has the oldest continuous civilization.^[18] There is archaeological evidence over 5,000 years old.^[19] China also has one of the world's oldest writing systems (and the oldest in use today). China has been the source of many major inventions.^[19]

Origins

The first recorded use of the word "China" is dated 1555.^{[nb 1]}^[20] It is derived from chīnī, a Persian adjective meaning 'Chinese' which was popularized in Europe by Marco Polo.^[20]^[21]

Other Languages

Alemannisch: China

አማርኛ: ቻይና

Ænglisc: Cīna

العربية: الصين (منطقة)

ܐܪܡܝܐ: ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ)

arpetan: Ch·ina

Aymar aru: China

Bahasa Banjar: Ripublik Rakyat Tiungkuk

Bân-lâm-gú: Tiong-kok (iōng-gí)

башҡортса: Ҡытай цивилизацияһы

བོད་ཡིག: རྒྱ་ནག

brezhoneg: Sina

català: Xina

Cymraeg: Tsieina

Deitsch: Tscheine

Deutsch: China

Diné bizaad: Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah

ཇོང་ཁ: རྒྱ་ནག

eesti: Hiina (maa)

español: China (región)

Esperanto: Ĉinio

euskara: Txinaren izenak

Gaeilge: An tSín

Gaelg: Yn Çheen

Gàidhlig: Sìona (roinn chultarach)

galego: China (rexión)

贛語: 中國

گیلکی: چین

客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî: Chûng-koet

한국어: 중국

हिन्दी: चीन

Bahasa Indonesia: Tiongkok (istilah)

íslenska: Kína (menningarsvæði)

עברית: סין (אזור)

Jawa: Cina

ಕನ್ನಡ: ಚೀನಾ

kernowek: China

Latina: Sinae (regio)

latviešu: Ķīna (reģions)

lietuvių: Kinija (regionas)

മലയാളം: ചൈനീസ് സംസ്കാരം

Bahasa Melayu: China

Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄: Dṳ̆ng-guók

Nederlands: China

日本語: 中国

norsk: Kina (kulturområde)

norsk nynorsk: Kina

Nouormand: Chinne

पालि: चीन

Patois: Chaina

Picard: Kine

Tok Pisin: Saina (kainkain mining)

polski: Chiny

português: China (civilização)

română: China

Runa Simi: Chunwa

русиньскый: Китай

русский: Китайская цивилизация

संस्कृतम्: चीन

Scots: Cheenae (region)

slovenčina: Čína (civilizácia)

slovenščina: Kitajska

کوردی: چین (ھەرێم)

српски / srpski: Кина (регион)

Basa Sunda: Tiongkok (istilah)

svenska: Kina (region)

தமிழ்: சீனா (பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்துதல்)

ತುಳು: ಚೀನಾ

Türkçe: Çin (bölge)

українська: Китай

ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche: خىتاي

Vahcuengh: Cunghgoz

Tiếng Việt: Trung Quốc (khu vực)

Võro: Hiina

walon: Chine

文言: 中國

Winaray: Tsina

吴语: 中國

Yorùbá: Ṣáínà

粵語: 中國

中文: 中國

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People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
Flag National Emblem
Anthem: "March of the Volunteers" 义勇军进行曲
Area controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
Capital	Beijing^[a] 39°55′N 116°23′E / 39°55′N 116°23′E / 39.917; 116.383
Largest city	Shanghai^[1]
Official languages	Standard Chinese^[2]^[b]
Recognised regional languages	Mongolian Tibetan Uyghur Korean various others
Official written language	Vernacular Chinese
Official script	Simplified Chinese^[2]
Ethnic groups	91.51% Han^[3] 55 minorities^[c] 1.30% Zhuang 0.86% Manchu 0.79% Uyghur 0.79% Hui 0.72% Miao 0.65% Yi 0.62% Tujia 0.47% Mongol 0.44% Tibetan 0.26% Buyei 0.15% Korean 1.05% others
Demonym(s)	Chinese
Government	Socialist, Single-party state^[4]

• Party General Secretary and President	Xi Jinping^[d]
• Premier	Li Keqiang
• Congress Chairman	Zhang Dejiang
• Conference Chairman	Yu Zhengsheng
• First-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat	Liu Yunshan
• Secretary of Discipline Inspection Commission	Wang Qishan
• First Vice Premier	Zhang Gaoli

Legislature	National People's Congress
Formation

• First Unification of China under the Qin Dynasty	221 BCE
• Republic established	1 January 1912
• People's Republic proclaimed	1 October 1949

Area
• Total	9,596,961 km² (3,705,407 sq mi)^[e] (3rd/4th)
• Water (%)	0.28%^[f]
Population
• 2016 estimate	1,403,500,365^[9] (1st)
• 2010 census	1,339,724,852^[10] (1st)
• Density	^{[convert: invalid number]} (83rd)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$27.449 trillion^[12] (1st)
• Per capita	$19,559^[12] (79rd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$15.543 trillion (IMF)^[12] $15.224 trillion (China NBS)^[13]^[14] (2nd)
• Per capita	$11,074^[12] (70th)
Gini (2015)	46.2^[15]^[16] high
HDI (2017)	0.752^[17] high · 86st
Currency	Renminbi (yuan)(¥)^[g] (CNY)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE-1949)
Driving side	right^[h]
Calling code	+86
ISO 3166 code	CN
Internet TLD	.cn .中國 .中国