Glottolog

Glottolog
Producer	Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (Germany)
Links
	Website;

Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, developed and maintained first at the former Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and since 2015 at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany.

Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world's languages and language families and a bibliography on the world's less-spoken languages. It differs from the similar catalogue Ethnologue in several respects:

It attempts to only accept languages which the editors have been able to confirm both exist and are distinct. Varieties which have not been confirmed, but are inherited from another source, are tagged as "spurious" or "unattested".^{[note 1]}
It attempts only to classify languages into families which have been demonstrated to be valid.
Bibliographic information is provided, especially for lesser-known languages.
To a limited extent, alternative names are listed according to the sources which use them.

The language names used in the bibliographic entries are identified by ISO 639-3 code or Glottolog's own code (Glottocode); apart from a single point-location on a map at its geographic centre, no ethnographic or demographic information is provided. External links are provided to ISO, Ethnologue and other online language databases

Edition 2.2 was published online in 2013 and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License. Edition 2.4 was published in 2015, 3.0 in 2017, 3.3.2 in August 2018, 3.4 in April 2019. The latest version is 4.0, released in June 2019.

language families
notes
references
external links

Language families

Glottolog is more conservative in its classification than most online databases in establishing membership of languages and groups within families but more liberal in considering unclassified languages to be isolates. Edition 4.0 lists 420 oral-language^{[note 2]} families and isolates as follows:^[1]

List of *Glottolog* genealogical families
Name	Region^{[note 3]}	Languages
Atlantic-Congo	Africa, North America	1,432
Austronesian	Africa, Eurasia, Oceania, South America	1,275
Indo-European	Africa, Australia, Eurasia, North America, Oceania, South America	588
Sino-Tibetan	Eurasia	494
Afro-Asiatic	Africa, Eurasia	373
Nuclear Trans New Guinea	Oceania	314
Pama-Nyungan	Australia, Oceania	248
Otomanguean	North America	180
Austroasiatic	Eurasia	159
Tai-Kadai	Eurasia	94
Dravidian	Eurasia	81
Arawakan	North America, South America	78
Mande	Africa	75
Tupian	South America	71
Uto-Aztecan	North America	69
Central Sudanic	Africa	64
Nuclear Torricelli	Oceania	55
Nilotic	Africa	54
Uralic	Eurasia	48
Algic	North America	45
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit	North America	45
Pano-Tacanan	South America	45
Quechuan	South America	45
Turkic	Eurasia	44
Cariban	South America	42
Hmong-Mien	Eurasia	39
Sepik	Oceania	36
Nakh-Daghestanian	Eurasia	34
Mayan	North America	33
Lower Sepik-Ramu	Oceania	30
Nuclear-Macro-Je	South America	30
Chibchan	North America, South America	27
Tucanoan	South America	26
Salishan	North America	25
Timor-Alor-Pantar	Oceania	23
Dogon	Africa	20
Lakes Plain	Oceania	20
Mixe-Zoque	North America	19
Morehead-Wasur	Oceania	19
Ta-Ne-Omotic	Africa	19
Siouan	North America	18
Anim	Oceania	17
Mongolic	Eurasia	17
Border	Oceania	15
Japonic	Eurasia, Oceania	15
North Halmahera	Oceania	15
Khoe-Kwadi	Africa	14
Angan	Oceania	13
Ndu	Oceania	13
Nubian	Africa	13
Tor-Orya	Oceania	13
Tungusic	Eurasia	13
Chapacuran	South America	12
Eskimo-Aleut	Eurasia, North America	12
Gunwinyguan	Australia	12
Totonacan	North America	12
Cochimi-Yuman	North America	11
Iroquoian	North America	11
Miwok-Costanoan	North America	11
Surmic	Africa	11
Western Daly	Australia	11
Geelvink Bay	Oceania	10
Great Andamanese	Eurasia, Oceania	10
Heibanic	Africa	10
Ijoid	Africa	10
Maban	Africa	10
Nyulnyulan	Australia	10
Saharan	Africa	10
Sko	Oceania	10
Songhay	Africa	10
Worrorran	Australia	10
Chocoan	South America	9
Dagan	Oceania	9
South Bougainville	Oceania	9
Greater Kwerba	Oceania	8
Kiowa-Tanoan	North America	8
Koiarian	Oceania	8
Mailuan	Oceania	8
Narrow Talodi	Africa	8
Tuu	Africa	8
Bosavi	Oceania	7
Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Eurasia	7
Dajuic	Africa	7
Huitotoan	South America	7
Matacoan	South America	7
Muskogean	North America	7
Pomoan	North America	7
Arawan	South America	6
Baining	Oceania	6
Barbacoan	South America	6
Chumashan	North America	6
East Strickland	Oceania	6
Goilalan	Oceania	6
Kadugli-Krongo	Africa	6
Kartvelian	Eurasia	6
Kiwaian	Oceania	6
Left May	Oceania	6
Nambiquaran	South America	6
South Bird's Head Family	Oceania	6
Wakashan	North America	6
Zaparoan	South America	6
Abkhaz-Adyge	Eurasia	5
Caddoan	North America	5
Eleman	Oceania	5
Guahiboan	South America	5
Guaicuruan	South America	5
Kxa	Africa	5
Lengua-Mascoy	South America	5
Mirndi	Australia	5
Misumalpan	North America	5
Nimboranic	Oceania	5
Pauwasi	Oceania	5
Sahaptian	North America	5
South Omotic	Africa	5
West Bird's Head	Oceania	5
Xincan	North America	5
Yanomamic	South America	5
Yareban	Oceania	5
Yeniseian	Eurasia	5
Yuat	Oceania	5
Arafundi	Oceania	4
Aymaran	South America	4
Blue Nile Mao	Africa	4
Chicham	South America	4
Chinookan	North America	4
Chonan	South America	4
Eastern Jebel	Africa	4
Eastern Trans-Fly	Oceania	4
Huavean	North America	4
Iwaidjan Proper	Australia	4
Jodi-Saliban	South America	4
Kamakanan	South America	4
Koman	Africa	4
Maiduan	North America	4
Mangarrayi-Maran	Australia	4
Maningrida	Australia	4
Nadahup	South America	4
North Bougainville	Oceania	4
Sentanic	Oceania	4
Suki-Gogodala	Oceania	4
Tamaic	Africa	4
Tangkic	Australia	4
Turama-Kikori	Oceania	4
Walioic	Oceania	4
Yokutsan	North America	4
Yukaghir	Eurasia	4
Ainu	Eurasia	3
Bororoan	South America	3
Cahuapanan	South America	3
Charruan	South America	3
Dizoid	Africa	3
East Bird's Head	Oceania	3
Giimbiyu	Australia	3
Gumuz	Africa	3
Jarrakan	Australia	3
Kalapuyan	North America	3
Kamula-Elevala	Oceania	3
Katla-Tima	Africa	3
Kawesqar	South America	3
Kayagaric	Oceania	3
Kolopom	Oceania	3
Kuliak	Africa	3
Kwalean	Oceania	3
Mairasic	Oceania	3
Peba-Yagua	South America	3
Shastan	North America	3
Tequistlatecan	North America	3
Tsimshian	North America	3
Ulmapo	Oceania	3
West Bomberai	Oceania	3
Yangmanic	Australia	3
Zamucoan	South America	3
Amto-Musan	Oceania	2
Araucanian	South America	2
Baibai-Fas	Oceania	2
Bayono-Awbono	Oceania	2
Bogia	Oceania	2
Boran	South America	2
Bulaka River	Oceania	2
Bunaban	Australia	2
Chimakuan	North America	2
Coosan	North America	2
Doso-Turumsa	Oceania	2
East Kutubu	Oceania	2
Eastern Daly	Australia	2
Furan	Africa	2
Garrwan	Australia	2
Haida	North America	2
Harakmbut	South America	2
Hatam-Mansim	Oceania	2
Hibito-Cholon	South America	2
Huarpean	South America	2
Hurro-Urartian	Eurasia	2
Inanwatan	Oceania	2
Jarawa-Onge	Eurasia	2
Jicaquean	North America	2
Kakua-Nukak	South America	2
Katukinan	South America	2
Keresan	North America	2
Konda-Yahadian	Oceania	2
Koreanic	Eurasia	2
Kresh-Aja	Africa	2
Kwomtari-Nai	Oceania	2
Lencan	North America	2
Lepki-Murkim	Oceania	2
Limilngan-Wulna	Australia	2
Manubaran	Oceania	2
Marrku-Wurrugu	Australia	2
Mombum-Koneraw	Oceania	2
Namla-Tofanma	Oceania	2
North-Eastern Tasmanian	Australia	2
Northern Daly	Australia	2
Nyimang	Africa	2
Otomaco-Taparita	South America	2
Pahoturi	Oceania	2
Palaihnihan	North America	2
Piawi	Oceania	2
Puri-Coroado	South America	2
Rashad	Africa	2
Senagi	Oceania	2
Somahai	Oceania	2
South-Eastern Tasmanian	Australia	2
Southern Daly	Australia	2
Tarascan	North America	2
Taulil-Butam	Oceania	2
Teberan	Oceania	2
Temeinic	Africa	2
Ticuna-Yuri	South America	2
Uru-Chipaya	South America	2
Western Tasmanian	Australia	2
Wintuan	North America	2
Yawa-Saweru	Oceania	2
Yuki-Wappo	North America	2
Abinomn	Oceania	1
Abun	Oceania	1
Adai	North America	1
Aewa	South America	1
Aikanã	South America	1
Alsea-Yaquina	North America	1
Ambakich	Oceania	1
Andaqui	South America	1
Andoque	South America	1
Anem	Oceania	1
Ap Ma	Oceania	1
Arutani	South America	1
Atacame	South America	1
Atakapa	North America	1
Bangime	Africa	1
Basque	Eurasia	1
Beothuk	North America	1
Berta	Africa	1
Betoi-Jirara	South America	1
Bilua	Oceania	1
Bogaya	Oceania	1
Burmeso	Oceania	1
Burushaski	Eurasia	1
Camsá	South America	1
Candoshi-Shapra	South America	1
Canichana	South America	1
Cayubaba	South America	1
Cayuse	North America	1
Chimariko	North America	1
Chiquitano	South America	1
Chitimacha	North America	1
Chono	South America	1
Coahuilteco	North America	1
Cofán	South America	1
Comecrudan	North America	1
Cotoname	North America	1
Cuitlatec	North America	1
Culli	South America	1
Damal	Oceania	1
Dem	Oceania	1
Dibiyaso	Oceania	1
Duna	Oceania	1
Elamite	Eurasia	1
Elseng	Oceania	1
Esselen	North America	1
Etruscan	Eurasia	1
Fasu	Oceania	1
Fulniô	South America	1
Gaagudju	Australia	1
Guachi	South America	1
Guaicurian	North America	1
Guamo	South America	1
Guató	South America	1
Gule	Africa	1
Guriaso	Oceania	1
Hadza	Africa	1
Hattic	Eurasia	1
Hruso	Eurasia	1
Iberian	Eurasia	1
Irántxe-Münkü	South America	1
Itonama	South America	1
Jalaa	Africa	1
Jirajaran	South America	1
Kaki Ae	Oceania	1
Kanoê	South America	1
Kapori	Oceania	1
Karami	Oceania	1
Karankawa	North America	1
Kariri	South America	1
Karok	North America	1
Kaure-Narau	Oceania	1
Kehu	Oceania	1
Kembra	Oceania	1
Kenaboi	Eurasia	1
Kibiri	Oceania	1
Kimki	Oceania	1
Klamath-Modoc	North America	1
Kol (Papua New Guinea)	Oceania	1
Kosadle	Oceania	1
Kujarge	Africa	1
Kunama	Africa	1
Kungarakany	Australia	1
Kunza	South America	1
Kuot	Oceania	1
Kusunda	Eurasia	1
Kutenai	North America	1
Kwaza	South America	1
Laal	Africa	1
Lafofa	Africa	1
Laragia	Australia	1
Lavukaleve	Oceania	1
Leco	South America	1
Lule	South America	1
Máku	South America	1
Maratino	North America	1
Marori	Oceania	1
Massep	Oceania	1
Matanawí	South America	1
Mato Grosso Arára	South America	1
Mawes	Oceania	1
Maybrat-Karon	Oceania	1
Meroitic	Africa	1
Mimi-Gaudefroy	Africa	1
Minkin	Australia	1
Mochica	South America	1
Molale	North America	1
Molof	Oceania	1
Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)	Oceania	1
Mosetén-Chimané	South America	1
Movima	South America	1
Mpur	Oceania	1
Muniche	South America	1
Mure	South America	1
Nara	Africa	1
Natchez	North America	1
Nihali	Eurasia	1
Nivkh	Eurasia	1
Odiai	Oceania	1
Omurano	South America	1
Ongota	Africa	1
Oti	South America	1
Oyster Bay-Big River-Little Swanport	Australia	1
Páez	South America	1
Pankararú	South America	1
Papi	Oceania	1
Pawaia	Oceania	1
Payagua	South America	1
Pele-Ata	Oceania	1
Pirahã	South America	1
Puelche	South America	1
Puinave	South America	1
Pumé	South America	1
Puquina	South America	1
Purari	Oceania	1
Pyu	Oceania	1
Ramanos	South America	1
Salinan	North America	1
Sandawe	Africa	1
Sapé	South America	1
Sause	Oceania	1
Savosavo	Oceania	1
Sechuran	South America	1
Seri	North America	1
Shabo	Africa	1
Shom Peng	Eurasia	1
Siamou	Africa	1
Siuslaw	North America	1
Sulka	Oceania	1
Sumerian	Eurasia	1
Tabo	Oceania	1
Taiap	Oceania	1
Takelma	North America	1
Tallán	South America	1
Tambora	Oceania	1
Tanahmerah	Oceania	1
Taruma	South America	1
Taushiro	South America	1
Timote-Cuica	South America	1
Timucua	North America	1
Tinigua	South America	1
Tiwi	Australia	1
Tonkawa	North America	1
Touo	Oceania	1
Trumai	South America	1
Tunica	North America	1
Tuxá	South America	1
Umbugarla	Australia	1
Urarina	South America	1
Usku	Oceania	1
Vilela	South America	1
Wadjiginy	Australia	1
Wageman	Australia	1
Waorani	South America	1
Warao	South America	1
Washo	North America	1
Wiru	Oceania	1
Xukurú	South America	1
Yale	Oceania	1
Yámana	South America	1
Yana	North America	1
Yele	Oceania	1
Yerakai	Oceania	1
Yetfa	Oceania	1
Yuchi	North America	1
Yuracaré	South America	1
Yurumanguí	South America	1
Zuni	North America	1

Creoles are classified with the language that supplied their basic lexicon.

In addition to the families and isolates listed above, Glottolog uses several non-genealogical families for various languages:^[2]

Pidgins (80 languages)
Mixed languages (17)
Artificial languages (16)
Speech registers (8)
Sign languages (193, including 1 pidgin,^[3] 3 auxiliary sign systems,^[4] and 2 unclassified sign languages)^[5]
Unclassifiable attested languages (122)
Unattested languages (67)
Bookkeeping: spurious languages, such as retired ISO entries; kept for bookkeeping purposes (399 including 5 sign languages)^[6]