Glottolog

Glottolog
Producer	Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (Germany)
Links
	Website;

Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, developed and maintained first at the former Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and since 2015 at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany.

Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world's languages and language families and a bibliography on the world's less-spoken languages. It differs from the similar catalogue Ethnologue in several respects: it attempts to only accept languages which the editors have been able to confirm both exist and are distinct (varieties which have not been confirmed, but are inherited from another source, are tagged as "spurious" or "unattested");^[1] it attempts only to classify languages into families which have been demonstrated to be valid; bibliographic information is provided, especially for lesser-known languages; and, to a limited extent, alternative names are listed according to the sources which use them. The language names used in the bibliographic entries are identified by ISO 639-3 code or Glottolog's own code (Glottocode); apart from a single point-location on a map at its geographic centre, no ethnographic or demographic information is provided. External links are provided to ISO, Ethnologue and other online language databases.

Edition 2.2 was published online in 2013 and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License. Edition 2.4 was published in 2015 and edition 3.0 in 2017.

language families
references
external links

Language families

Glottolog is more conservative in its classification than most online databases in establishing membership of languages and groups within families but more liberal in considering unclassified languages to be isolates. Edition 2.4 lists 425 oral-language families, including isolates, and 75 sign-language families and isolates,^[2] as follows.

Name	Region^[3]	Languages
Atlantic-Congo	Africa, North America	1432
Austronesian	Africa, Eurasia, Oceania, South America	1276
Indo-European	Africa, Australia, Eurasia, North America, Oceania, South America	585
Sino-Tibetan	Eurasia	472
Afro-Asiatic	Africa, Eurasia	372
Nuclear Trans New Guinea	Oceania	315
Pama-Nyungan	Australia, Oceania	240
Otomanguean	North America	178
Austroasiatic	Eurasia	164
Tai-Kadai	Eurasia	96
Dravidian	Eurasia	81
Arawakan	North America, South America	76
Mande	Africa	74
Tupian	South America	71
Uto-Aztecan	North America	68
Central Sudanic	Africa	62
Nuclear Torricelli	Oceania	55
Nilotic	Africa	51
Algic	North America	45
Athapaskan-Eyak-Tlingit	North America	45
Quechuan	South America	45
Cariban	South America	44
Turkic	Eurasia	44
Uralic	Eurasia	44
Hmong-Mien	Eurasia	39
Panoan	South America	38
Sepik	Oceania	36
Mayan	North America	33
Nuclear-Macro-Je	South America	31
Lower Sepik-Ramu	Oceania	30
Nakh-Daghestanian	Eurasia	30
Chibchan	North America, South America	27
Tucanoan	South America	26
Salishan	North America	25
Timor-Alor-Pantar	Oceania	22
Lakes Plain	Oceania	20
Dogon	Africa	19
Mixe-Zoque	North America	19
Ta-Ne-Omotic	Africa	19
Siouan	North America	18
Morehead-Wasur	Oceania	17
Mongolic	Eurasia	16
Border	Oceania	15
North Halmahera	Oceania	15
Japonic	Eurasia, Oceania	14
Khoe-Kwadi	Africa	14
Angan	Oceania	13
Ndu	Oceania	13
Nubian	Africa	13
Tor-Orya	Oceania	13
Chapacuran	South America	12
Eskimo-Aleut	Eurasia, North America	12
Gunwinyguan	Australia	12
Totonacan	North America	12
Tungusic	Eurasia	12
Iroquoian	North America	11
Miwok-Costanoan	North America	11
Western Daly	Australia	11
Worrorran	Australia	11
Geelvink Bay	Oceania	10
Great Andamanese	Eurasia, Oceania	10
Heiban	Africa	10
Ijoid	Africa	10
Maban	Africa	10
Nyulnyulan	Australia	10
Saharan	Africa	10
Songhay	Africa	10
Surmic	Africa	10
Chocoan	South America	9
Cochimi-Yuman	North America	9
Dagan	Oceania	9
Sko	Oceania	9
South Bougainville	Oceania	9
Kiowa-Tanoan	North America	8
Kwerbic	Oceania	8
Mailuan	Oceania	8
Narrow Talodi	Africa	8
Tuu	Africa	8
Bosavi	Oceania	7
Daju	Africa	7
Huitotoan	South America	7
Inland Gulf	Oceania	7
Koiarian	Oceania	7
Matacoan	South America	7
Muskogean	North America	7
Pomoan	North America	7
Tacanan	South America	7
Arawan	South America	6
Baining	Oceania	6
Barbacoan	South America	6
Chumashan	North America	6
East Strickland	Oceania	6
Goilalan	Oceania	6
Kadugli-Krongo	Africa	6
Kartvelian	Eurasia	6
Kiwaian	Oceania	6
Kxa	Africa	6
Left May	Oceania	6
Marind	Oceania	6
Nambiquaran	South America	6
South Bird's Head Family	Oceania	6
Wakashan	North America	6
Yeniseian	Eurasia	6
Zaparoan	South America	6
Abkhaz-Adyge	Eurasia	5
Caddoan	North America	5
Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Eurasia	5
Guahibo	South America	5
Guaicuruan	South America	5
Lengua-Mascoy	South America	5
Mirndi	Australia	5
Misumalpan	North America	5
Nimboran	Oceania	5
Nuclear Eleman	Oceania	5
Pauwasi	Oceania	5
Sahaptian	North America	5
South Omotic	Africa	5
Tirio	Oceania	5
West Bird's Head	Oceania	5
Xincan	North America	5
Yanomam	South America	5
Yareban	Oceania	5
Yuat	Oceania	5
Chinookan	North America	4
Chonan	South America	4
Eastern Jebel	Africa	4
Eastern Trans-Fly	Oceania	4
Huavean	North America	4
Iwaidjan Proper	Australia	4
Jivaroan	South America	4
Kamakanan	South America	4
Koman	Africa	4
Maiduan	North America	4
Mangarrayi-Maran	Australia	4
Maningrida	Australia	4
Mao	Africa	4
Nadahup	South America	4
North Bougainville	Oceania	4
Sentani	Oceania	4
Suki-Gogodala	Oceania	4
Tama	Africa	4
Tangkic	Australia	4
Turama-Kikori	Oceania	4
Walio	Oceania	4
Yokutsan	North America	4
Yukaghir	Eurasia	4
Arafundi	Oceania	3
Aymara	South America	3
Bororoan	South America	3
Cahuapanan	South America	3
Charruan	South America	3
Dizoid	Africa	3
East Bird's Head	Oceania	3
Giimbiyu	Australia	3
Jarrakan	Australia	3
Kalapuyan	North America	3
Katla-Tima	Africa	3
Kawesqar	South America	3
Kayagar	Oceania	3
Kolopom	Oceania	3
Kuliak	Africa	3
Kwalean	Oceania	3
Mairasi	Oceania	3
Mongol-Langam	Oceania	3
Peba-Yagua	South America	3
Puri	South America	3
Saliban	South America	3
Shastan	North America	3
Tsimshian	North America	3
West Bomberai	Oceania	3
Yangmanic	Australia	3
Zamucoan	South America	3
Amto-Musan	Oceania	2
Araucanian	South America	2
Awin-Pa	Oceania	2
Baibai-Fas	Oceania	2
Bayono-Awbono	Oceania	2
Boran	South America	2
Bulaka River	Oceania	2
Bunaban	Australia	2
Chimakuan	North America	2
Coosan	North America	2
Doso-Turumsa	Oceania	2
Eastern Daly	Australia	2
East Kutubu	Oceania	2
Etrusco-Rhaetian	Eurasia	2
Furan	Africa	2
Garrwan	Australia	2
Haida	North America	2
Harakmbut	South America	2
Hatam-Mansim	Oceania	2
Hibito-Cholon	South America	2
Huarpean	South America	2
Hurro-Urartian	Eurasia	2
Inanwatan	Oceania	2
Jarawa-Onge	Eurasia	2
Jicaquean	North America	2
Kakua-Nukak	South America	2
Kariri	South America	2
Katukinan	South America	2
Kaure-Narau	Oceania	2
Keresan	North America	2
Konda-Yahadian	Oceania	2
Koreanic	Eurasia	2
Kresh-Aja	Africa	2
Kwomtari	Oceania	2
Lencan	North America	2
Lepki-Murkim	Oceania	2
Limilngan	Australia	2
Manubaran	Oceania	2
Marrku-Wurrugu	Australia	2
Mombum	Oceania	2
Monumbo	Oceania	2
Namla-Tofanma	Oceania	2
North-Eastern Tasmanian	Australia	2
Northern Daly	Australia	2
Nyimang	Africa	2
Pahoturi	Oceania	2
Palaihnihan	North America	2
Piawi	Oceania	2
Rashad	Africa	2
Senagi	Oceania	2
Somahai	Oceania	2
South-Eastern Tasmanian	Australia	2
Southern Daly	Australia	2
Tarascan	North America	2
Taulil-Butam	Oceania	2
Teberan	Oceania	2
Temein	Africa	2
Tequistlatecan	North America	2
Ticuna-Yuri	South America	2
Uru-Chipaya	South America	2
Western Tasmanian	Australia	2
Wintuan	North America	2
Yawa	Oceania	2
Yuki-Wappo	North America	2
Abinomn	Oceania	1
Abun	Oceania	1
Adai	North America	1
Aewa	South America	1
Aikanã	South America	1
Ainu (Japan)	Eurasia	1
Alsea	North America	1
Andaqui	South America	1
Andoque	South America	1
Anem	Oceania	1
Ap Ma	Oceania	1
Arutani	South America	1
Atacame	South America	1
Atakapa	North America	1
Banaro	Oceania	1
Bangime	Africa	1
Basque	Eurasia	1
Beothuk	North America	1
Berta	Africa	1
Betoi	South America	1
Bilua	Oceania	1
Birri	Africa	1
Bogaya	Oceania	1
Burmeso	Oceania	1
Burushaski	Eurasia	1
Camsá	South America	1
Candoshi-Shapra	South America	1
Canichana	South America	1
Cayubaba	South America	1
Cayuse	North America	1
Chimariko	North America	1
Chiquitano	South America	1
Chitimacha	North America	1
Chono	South America	1
Coahuilteco	North America	1
Cofán	South America	1
Comecrudo	North America	1
Cotoname	North America	1
Cuitlatec	North America	1
Culli	South America	1
Damal	Oceania	1
Dem	Oceania	1
Dibiyaso	Oceania	1
Duna	Oceania	1
Elamite	Eurasia	1
Elseng	Oceania	1
Esselen	North America	1
Fasu	Oceania	1
Fulniô	South America	1
Gagadu	Australia	1
Guachi	South America	1
Guaicurian	North America	1
Guamo	South America	1
Guató	South America	1
Gule	Africa	1
Gumuz	Africa	1
Guriaso	Oceania	1
Hadza	Africa	1
Hattic	Eurasia	1
Hruso	Eurasia	1
Iberian	Eurasia	1
Irántxe	South America	1
Itonama	South America	1
Jalaa	Africa	1
Jirajaran	South America	1
Kaki Ae	Oceania	1
Kamula	Oceania	1
Kanoê	South America	1
Kapori	Oceania	1
Karankawa	North America	1
Karok	North America	1
Kehu	Oceania	1
Kembra	Oceania	1
Kenaboi	Eurasia	1
Kibiri	Oceania	1
Kimki	Oceania	1
Klamath-Modoc	North America	1
Kol (Papua New Guinea)	Oceania	1
Kosadle	Oceania	1
Kujarge	Africa	1
Kunama	Africa	1
Kungarakany	Australia	1
Kunza	South America	1
Kuot	Oceania	1
Kusunda	Eurasia	1
Kutenai	North America	1
Kwaza	South America	1
Laal	Africa	1
Lafofa	Africa	1
Laragia	Australia	1
Lavukaleve	Oceania	1
Leco	South America	1
Lule	South America	1
Máku	South America	1
Maratino	North America	1
Massep	Oceania	1
Matanawí	South America	1
Mato Grosso Arára	South America	1
Mawes	Oceania	1
Maybrat	Oceania	1
Meroitic	Africa	1
Mimi-Gaudefroy	Africa	1
Minkin	Australia	1
Mochica	South America	1
Molale	North America	1
Molof	Oceania	1
Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)	Oceania	1
Morori	Oceania	1
Mosetén-Chimané	South America	1
Movima	South America	1
Mpur	Oceania	1
Muniche	South America	1
Mure	South America	1
Nara	Africa	1
Natchez	North America	1
Nihali	Eurasia	1
Nivkh	Eurasia	1
Odiai	Oceania	1
Omurano	South America	1
Ongota	Africa	1
Oti	South America	1
Otomaco	South America	1
Oyster Bay-Big River-Little Swanport	Australia	1
Páez	South America	1
Pankararú	South America	1
Papi	Oceania	1
Pawaia	Oceania	1
Payagua	South America	1
Pele-Ata	Oceania	1
Pirahã	South America	1
Puelche	South America	1
Puinave	South America	1
Pumé	South America	1
Puquina	South America	1
Purari	Oceania	1
Pyu	Oceania	1
Ramanos	South America	1
Salinan	North America	1
Sandawe	Africa	1
Sapé	South America	1
Sause	Oceania	1
Savosavo	Oceania	1
Sechuran	South America	1
Seri	North America	1
Shabo	Africa	1
Shom Peng	Eurasia	1
Siuslaw	North America	1
Suarmin	Oceania	1
Sulka	Oceania	1
Sumerian	Eurasia	1
Tabo	Oceania	1
Taiap	Oceania	1
Takelma	North America	1
Tallán	South America	1
Tambora	Oceania	1
Tanahmerah	Oceania	1
Taruma	South America	1
Taushiro	South America	1
Timote-Cuica	South America	1
Timucua	North America	1
Tinigua	South America	1
Tiwi	Australia	1
Tonkawa	North America	1
Touo	Oceania	1
Trumai	South America	1
Tunica	North America	1
Tuxá	South America	1
Umbugarla	Australia	1
Urarina	South America	1
Usku	Oceania	1
Vilela	South America	1
Wadjiginy	Australia	1
Wageman	Australia	1
Waorani	South America	1
Warao	South America	1
Washo	North America	1
Wiru	Oceania	1
Xukurú	South America	1
Yale	Oceania	1
Yámana	South America	1
Yana	North America	1
Yele	Oceania	1
Yerakai	Oceania	1
Yetfa	Oceania	1
Yuchi	North America	1
Yuracaré	South America	1
Yurumanguí	South America	1
Yuwana	South America	1
Zuni	North America	1
LSFic	(sign)	32
ASLic	(sign)	20
BSLic	(sign)	10
Arab Sign		6
Russian Sign		6
CSLic	(sign)	5
DGSic	(sign)	4
JSLic	(sign)	3
Old Chiangmai-Bangkok-Haiphong Sign		3
Spanish Sign Language		3
Paraguay-Uruguay Sign		2
Providencia-Cayman Sign		2
Afghan Sign Language		1
Albanian Sign Language		1
Argentine Sign Language		1
Armenian Sign Language		1
Bamako Sign Language		1
Brazilian Sign Language		1
Burkina Faso Sign Language		1
Ecuadorian Sign Language		1
Estonian Sign Language		1
Guatemalan Sign Language		1
Hausa Sign Language		1
Indian Sign Language		1
Kenyan Sign Language		1
Lyons Sign Language		1
Maltese Sign Language		1
Mauritian Sign Language		1
Mofu-Gudur Sign Language		1
Mozambican Sign Language		1
Nepalese Sign Language		1
Pakistan Sign Language		1
Penang Sign Language		1
Persian Sign Language		1
Rennellese Sign Language		1
Salvadoran Sign Language		1
Saudi Arabian Sign Language		1
Sri Lankan Sign Language		1
Tanzanian Sign Language		1
Tijuana Sign Language		1
Turkish Sign Language		1
Venezuelan Sign Language		1
Yoruba Sign Language		1
Zambian Sign Language		1
Zimbabwe Sign Language		1
Adamorobe Sign Language		1
Alipur Sign Language		1
Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language		1
Ban Khor Sign Language		1
Bengkala Sign Language		1
Bribri Sign Language		1
Brunca Sign Language		1
Bura Sign Language		1
Chatino Sign Language		1
Enga Sign Language		1
Ghandruk Sign Language		1
Ghardaia Sign Language		1
Guinea-Bissau Sign Language		1
Inuit Sign Language		1
Jamaican Country Sign Language		1
Jhankot Sign Language		1
Jumla Sign Language		1
Kajana Sign Language		1
Keresan Pueblo Indian Sign Language		1
Mardin Sign Language		1
Martha's Vineyard Sign Language		1
Mbour Sign Language		1
Nanabin Sign Language		1
Nicaraguan Sign Language		1
Old Kentish Sign Language		1
Original Costa Rican Sign Language		1
Tebul Sign Language		1
Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language		1
Yolngu Sign Language		1
Yucatec Maya Sign Language		1

Creoles are classified with the language that supplied their basic lexicon.

In addition to languages classified into families, Glottolog recognizes 79 pidgins (including one sign pidgin), 24 mixed languages, 8 artificial languages, 9 speech registers (including 3 auxiliary sign systems), 118 attested but unclassifiable languages (including 2 sign languages), 61 unattested languages, and 270 spurious languages (such as retired ISO entries, and including 3 sign languages) kept for bookkeeping purposes.