Charles Scott (April 1739 – October 22, 1813) was an American soldier who was elected the fourth governor of Kentucky in 1808. Orphaned at an early age, Scott served during the French and Indian War and returned to active military service in 1775 in the American Revolution. In August 1776, he was promoted to colonel and given command of the 5th Virginia Regiment, serving under George Washington for the duration of the Philadelphia campaign. In March 1779 Scott was sent to Charleston, South Carolina, to assist General Benjamin Lincoln in the southern theater, but was taken as a prisoner of war when Charleston surrendered. After the war he resettled near present-day Versailles, Kentucky. Following the separation of Kentucky from Virginia in 1792, Scott commanded the 2nd Division of the Kentucky militia, which fought in the Northwest Indian War. In his run for governor in 1808, he won a convincing victory over John Allen and Green Clay. (Full article...)

White rust on shepherd's purse

• ... that white rust (pictured), a plant pathogen affecting the cabbage family, predisposes its host to develop downy mildew?
• ... that pictures of suspected 18-year-old assassin Raúl Meza Torres inspired other teenagers in Mexico to join organized crime?
• ... that aggregations of painted urchin have been recorded with a density of 80 individuals per square metre?
• ... that college basketball player Johnny Dee played through a knee injury for most of a season and still led the NCAA Division I in free throw shooting percentage?
• ... that Orlande de Lassus set Psalm 134, one of the Songs of Ascents, in Latin for seven voices a cappella, using a wide range from low bass to very high soprano?
• ... that during World War II, Huang Qingyun published the only Chinese children's magazine in Hong Kong and China, and corresponded with her readers to help them cope with life in wartime?
• ... that at over fourteen hours in duration, La Flor is the longest film in Argentine cinema?
• ... that in 2017, Sofía Gómez broke the CMAS Constant Weight Bi-Fins freediving world record, and then broke her own record two days later?

People's Vote march

• A passenger train derails in Yilan County, Taiwan, killing at least 18 people and injuring more than 170 others.
• The European and Japanese Space Agencies launch BepiColombo, a set of two probes intended to study the planet Mercury.
• An estimated 700,000 people attend a People's Vote march (pictured) in London, calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal.
• Saudi Arabia admits that Jamal Khashoggi was killed inside the Saudi Arabian consulate in Istanbul, Turkey.

October 22: International Stuttering Awareness Day

Train wreck at Gare Montparnasse

• 1633 – Ming Chinese naval forces defeated a Dutch East India Company fleet in the Taiwan Strait, the largest naval encounter between Chinese and European forces before the First Opium War more than two hundred years later.
• 1707 – In one of the worst maritime disasters in the history of the British Isles, at least 1,400 sailors on four Royal Navy ships were lost in stormy weather off the Isles of Scilly.
• 1895 – At Gare Montparnasse station in Paris, an express train derailed after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing the concourse before crashing through a wall and falling to the plaza below (pictured).
• 1924 – The educational non-profit organization Toastmasters International was founded at a YMCA in Santa Ana, California.
• 2015 – Sweden suffered its deadliest school attack when a sword-wielding man attacked students and teachers in a high school in Trollhättan, killing three people.

George Coulthard (d. 1883) · Edith Kawelohea McKinzie (b. 1925) · Oona King (b. 1967)